Fixed Income Market Instruments in Ethiopian Securities Exchange
Overview
Once launched, the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX) will serve as a vital platform for raising debt capital, providing both the public sector and corporations with access to a diverse investor base in a regulated environment. Within this framework, various instruments facilitate efficient capital mobilization, benefiting both issuers and investors alike. The following fixed income market instruments are among the trades that will happen through the ESX.
1. Treasury Bills and Bonds
Treasury Bills (T-Bills) serve as short-term debt securities issued by the Ethiopian government, typically with a maturity period of one year or less. These instruments, auctioned biweekly through the National Bank of Ethiopia, offer investors a safe investment avenue. T-Bills are sold at a discount and redeemed at face value upon maturity, with the interest earned constituting the difference. Treasury Bonds, on the other hand, cater to long-term financing needs, allowing the government to undertake infrastructure projects and finance fiscal deficits. Investors receive fixed periodic interest payments until maturity.
2. Corporate Bonds
Corporate bonds represent fixed income securities issued by companies seeking long-term capital. Offering an alternative to traditional bank loans, corporate bonds are backed by the issuing company's ability to repay, contingent upon its future revenues and profitability prospects. Investors receive periodic interest payments and the face value of the bond upon maturity. Unlike bank loans, corporate bonds don't require collateral, making them an attractive financing option for corporations.
3. Repurchase Agreements (Repos)
Repurchase agreements (repos) offer a secured short-term borrowing mechanism, typically ranging from 1 to 7 days. Market participants, including banks and government securities dealers, engage in repo transactions to meet short-term liquidity needs. The pledged government securities serve as collateral, mitigating counterparty credit risk and enhancing market liquidity. ESX's repo platform efficiently connects buyers and sellers in the repo market, facilitating transactions in an organized manner.
4. Commercial Papers
Commercial papers (CPs) represent short-term debt
obligations issued by large corporations, usually with a maturity period of
less than 270 days. CPs, sold at a discount to face value, provide corporates
with a means to finance working capital requirements or short-term assets.
These instruments can be efficiently issued, quoted, and traded on the ESX
platform, offering liquidity to market participants.
Conclusion
These diverse array of fixed income market instruments
available on the Ethiopian Securities Exchange plays an important role in
facilitating capital mobilization for both the government and corporations.
From Treasury Bills and Bonds providing avenues for government financing to
Corporate Bonds and Commercial Papers offering corporations efficient long and
short-term funding options, each instrument serves a distinct purpose.
Additionally, mechanisms such as Repurchase Agreements bolster liquidity and
mitigate risk in the market. As Ethiopia's capital market continues to evolve,
these instruments will undoubtedly contribute to the country's economic growth
and development.
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